“Middle class” is defined differently in India, Brazil, and South Africa, but all three countries share the same need: for a second wave of reforms to make their middles classes less state-oriented and more entrepreneurial.

The global economic crisis has convinced many that the Washington Consensus is “out” and the so-called Beijing Consensus is “in.” As it turns out, three countries—India, Brazil, and South Africa—are leading the way to a new paradigm.